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Linux<\/code>\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u53f2\u524d\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662fUnix<\/a><\/code>\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u3002 1.\u00a0Unix\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u88c2\u53d8<\/b>\uff1a 20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u80af\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u900a\uff08Ken Thompson\uff09\u548c\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u91cc\u5947\uff08Dennis Ritchie\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Unix\u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u7ec4\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u5f3a\u7b49\uff09\u8fc5\u901f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u66f4\u662f\u4e3aUnix\u7684\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u79fb\u690d\u63d2\u4e0a\u4e86\u7fc5\u8180\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740Unix\u5546\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u51f8\u663e\uff0cAT&T\uff08\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u6bcd\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6536\u7d27Unix\u7684\u6388\u6743\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u6e90\u7801\u4e0d\u518d\u8f7b\u6613\u53ef\u5f97\u3002\u8fd9\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u79cdUnix\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002 2.\u00a0GNU\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u60f3<\/b>\uff1a \u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u66fc\uff08Richard Stallman\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u81eaMIT\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u5929\u624d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u5bf9Unix\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u5316\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u8be5\u62e5\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u30021983\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u6258\u66fc\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684GNU\u8ba1\u5212\uff08GNU’s Not Unix!\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4e0eUnix\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/a>\uff08FSF\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684GNU\u901a\u7528\u516c\u5171\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff08GPL<\/a><\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0cGNU\u9879\u76ee\u7855\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982GCC<\/code>\uff08GNU\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5957\u88c5\uff09\u3001Emacs\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3001Bash<\/code>\uff08Shell<\/code>\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86Linux\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u517b\u6599\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e07\u4e8b\u4ff1\u5907\uff0c\u53ea\u6b20\u201c\u4e1c\u98ce\u201d\u2014\u2014GNU\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838Hurd\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fdb\u5ea6\u5374\u5f02\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u3002 3.\u00a0Minix<\/a>\u7684\u542f\u8499<\/b>\uff1a \u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u5854\u80fd\u9c8d\u59c6\uff08Andrew S. Tanenbaum\uff09\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u5b66\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u3001\u7c7bUnix\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014Minix<\/code>\u3002Minix\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u70b9\u71c3\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u2014\u2014\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\u3002<\/p>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7231\u597d\u201d\u7684\u8bde\u751f (1991\u5e74)<\/h3>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u51fa\u73b0 (1992\u5e74 – 1994\u5e74)<\/h3>\n
FTP<\/code>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458Ari Lemmke\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u521b\u5efaFTP\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u79c1\u81ea\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201clinux\u201d\uff08Linus’s Minix\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4fbf\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u3002 *\u00a0X Window System<\/a>\u7684\u79fb\u690d<\/b>\uff1a \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9Linux\u62e5\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff0cOrest Zborowski\u57281992\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u5c06X Window System<\/code>\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e86Linux\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97Linux\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u6210\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002 *\u00a0\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u840c\u82bd<\/b>\uff1a \u5185\u6838\u53ea\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff08Distribution\uff09\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002 * MCC Interim Linux (1992\u5e742\u6708): \u7531\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002 * SLS (Softlanding Linux System) (1992\u5e74\u4e2d): \u4e00\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176bug\u8f83\u591a\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0d\u5584\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684Slackware\u548cDebian\u3002 * Yggdrasil Linux\/GNU\/X (1992\u5e74\u5e95): \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5Live CD\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u884c\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u5373\u63d2\u5373\u7528Linux\u201d\u3002 * Slackware (1993\u5e747\u6708): \u7531Patrick Volkerding\u57fa\u4e8eSLS\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u6027\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u5b58\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4ecd\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 * Debian (1993\u5e748\u6708): \u7531Ian Murdock\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3001\u793e\u533a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002Debian\u4ee5\u5176\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684APT\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff08\u5982Ubuntu<\/a>\uff09\u3002 *\u00a0Linux 1.0\u7684\u53d1\u5e03<\/b>\u00a0(1994\u5e743\u670814\u65e5)\uff1a \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cLinux\u5185\u6838\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u76841.0\u7248\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684Linux\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\uff08TCP\/IP<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5305\u62ecX Window\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740Linux\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7fbd\u7ffc\u6e10\u4e30\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u63a2\u7d22 (1995\u5e74 – 1999\u5e74)<\/h3>\n
LAMP<\/code>\uff08Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP\/Perl\/Python\uff09\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u516c\u53f8\u7eb7\u7eb7\u91c7\u7528Linux\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 * \u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff1a *\u00a0Red Hat Linux<\/a><\/b>\u00a0(1994\u5e74\u521b\u7acb\uff0c1995\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03Red Hat Linux 1.0 “Mother’s Day”)\uff1a \u7531Marc Ewing\u548cBob Young\u521b\u7acb\u7684Red Hat\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u56f4\u7ed5\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e1a\u652f\u6301\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002Red Hat Linux<\/code>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u6613\u7528\u6027\u3001RPM\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 *\u00a0SUSE Linux<\/a><\/b>\u00a0(1992\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u4e8eSLS\/Slackware\uff0c1996\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684SUSE Linux 4.2<\/code>)\uff1a \u6b27\u6d32\u91cd\u8981\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176YaST\u914d\u7f6e\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u826f\u597d\u652f\u6301\u8457\u79f0\u3002 *\u00a0\u5185\u6838\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316<\/b>\uff1a Linux\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u793e\u533a\u6301\u7eed\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a * \u5bf9\u79f0\u591a\u5904\u7406\uff08SMP\uff09\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7fLinux\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u3002 * \u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u3002 * \u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982ext2\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff09\u3002 *\u00a0\u201c\u4e07\u5723\u8282\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/b>\u00a0(1998\u5e74)\uff1a \u5fae\u8f6f\u5185\u90e8\u5173\u4e8eLinux\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08\u5373\u201c\u4e07\u5723\u8282\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\uff09\u88ab\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86Linux\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u8ba9\u4e1a\u754c\u5de8\u5934\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002 *\u00a0\u684c\u9762\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u52aa\u529b<\/b>\uff1a\u00a0KDE<\/code>\uff081996\u5e74\uff09\u548cGNOME<\/code>\uff081997\u5e74\uff09\u4e24\u5927\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3aLinux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u53cb\u597d\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86Linux\u5728\u684c\u9762\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u666e\u53ca\u5ea6\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u6311\u6218\uff08\u5982\u786c\u4ef6\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u6613\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u591a\u9886\u57df\u6269\u5c55 (2000\u5e74 – 2010\u5e74)<\/h3>\n
LVM<\/code>\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982ext3, ReiserFS\uff09\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u4e86Linux\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002 * Linux 2.6 (2003\u5e7412\u6708): \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6781\u957f\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5982\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff08O(1)\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684CFS\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7Linux\u58f0\u97f3\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08ALSA\uff09\u3001udev\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7535\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5185\u6838\u62a2\u5360\u7b49\u30022.6\u5185\u6838\u4f7f\u5f97Linux\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u8d28\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002 *\u00a0\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7206\u53d1<\/b>\uff1a Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5c0f\u5de7\u3001\u53ef\u88c1\u526a\u3001\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u4ee5\u53ca\u514d\u6388\u6743\u8d39\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u673a\u9876\u76d2\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u7535\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002MontaVista\u3001Wind River\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fLinux\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 *\u00a0\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u9738\u4e3b<\/b>\uff1a \u4ece2000\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cLinux\u5728\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aTOP500\u699c\u5355\u4e0a\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u6301\u7eed\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8eLinux\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b9a\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684x86\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002 *\u00a0Ubuntu\u7684\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16<\/b>\u00a0(2004\u5e74)\uff1a \u7531\u5357\u975e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6c99\u7279\u5c14\u6c83\u601d\uff08Mark Shuttleworth\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u7684Canonical\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684Ubuntu Linux<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u201cLinux for Human Beings\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u684c\u9762\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002Ubuntu\u57fa\u4e8eDebian<\/code>\uff0c\u6bcf\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\uff08LTS\uff09\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5176\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u754c\u9762\u3001\u9884\u88c5\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u533a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7684\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u684c\u9762Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 *\u00a0Android<\/a>\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/b>\u00a0(2007\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c2008\u5e74\u9996\u6b3e\u624b\u673a)\uff1a Google\u57fa\u4e8eLinux\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86Android<\/code>\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u867d\u7136Android\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684GNU\/Linux<\/code>\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u6838\u5fc3\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662fLinux\u3002Android\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97Linux\u5185\u6838\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u888b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u3002 *\u00a0\u865a\u62df\u5316\u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u57fa\u77f3<\/b>\uff1a\u00a0Xen<\/a><\/code>\u548cKVM<\/a><\/code>\u7b49\u5f00\u6e90\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900aAWS (2006\u5e74)\u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0eLinux\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002Linux\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u4e91\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u9996\u9009\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 *\u00a0Linux\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/a>\u7684\u6210\u7acb<\/b>\u00a0(2007\u5e74)\uff1a \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u652f\u6301Linux\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u74e6\u5179\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6838\u5fc3\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u7801\u53d1\u5c55\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08OSDL\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6807\u51c6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08FSG\uff09\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86Linux\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3002Linux\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3e\u529e\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u652f\u6301\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3aLinux\u751f\u6001\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u4fdd\u9a7e\u62a4\u822a\u3002<\/p>\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684Linux\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5c55\u671b (2011\u5e74 -\u81f3\u4eca)<\/h3>\n
Docker<\/code>\uff09\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Kubernetes<\/code>\uff09\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86Linux\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5982cgroups<\/code>,\u00a0namespaces<\/code>\uff09\u3002 *\u00a0\u7269\u8054\u7f51(IoT)\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8<\/b>\uff1a \u968f\u7740\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u5c45\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\uff0cLinux\u4ee5\u5176\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u591aIoT<\/code>\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u9996\u9009OS\u3002Yocto Project\u7b49\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 *\u00a0AI\u4e0e\u5927\u6570\u636e<\/b>\uff1a \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570AI<\/code>\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u5982TensorFlow, PyTorch\uff09\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u5982Hadoop, Spark\uff09\u90fd\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002Linux\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u826f\u597d\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5e73\u53f0\u3002 *\u00a0\u6c7d\u8f66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6e17\u900f<\/b>\uff1a\u00a0Automotive Grade Linux<\/code>\u00a0(AGL)\u7b49\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u63a8\u52a8Linux\u6210\u4e3a\u8f66\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u5a31\u4e50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08IVI\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9a7e\u9a76\u8f85\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08ADAS\uff09\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e73\u53f0\u3002 *\u00a0\u684c\u9762\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u52aa\u529b<\/b>\uff1a \u867d\u7136\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u684c\u9762\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46Linux\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u7840\u3002Steam Deck\u6e38\u620f\u638c\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9Linux\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u9886\u57df\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002Valve\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9Proton\u517c\u5bb9\u5c42\u7684\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684Windows\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u6d41\u7545\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 *\u00a0\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u80dc\u5229<\/b>\uff1a Linux\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u5b83\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u7403\u534f\u4f5c\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6bd4\u5c01\u95ed\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u751f\u6001\u3002 *\u00a0\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/b>\uff1a Linux\u5185\u6838\u4ecd\u5728\u4ee5\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\uff08\u5982RISC-V\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u66f4\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0cLinux\u793e\u533a\u4f9d\u7136\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fce\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u4ece\u661f\u706b\u5230\u71ce\u539f\uff0c\u6c38\u4e0d\u6b62\u6b65\u7684\u4f20\u5947<\/h3>\n